The Open Psychology Journal

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Abstract:

Background: Gamification has emerged as a significant tool in English language learning, offering potential benefits for enhancing cognitive processes and learner motivation. By incorporating game elements such as points, rewards, real-time feedback, and progress tracking, gamification is believed to foster learner engagement and improve focus, recall, and other cognitive functions. Objective: This systematic review examines the cognitive benefits of gamification on working memory and attention in English language learners. It further investigates how gamification contributes to measurable improvements in memory retention and attentional control while also identifying the underlying cognitive and motivational mechanisms that enhance learning outcomes. Method: This systematic review analyzed 30 peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2024 on the cognitive benefits of gamification in English language learning. Studies were selected from Scopus and Web of Science using strict inclusion criteria, focusing on gamification's impact on cognitive functions like working memory, attention, and processing speed. Both empirical and theoretical studies with a psycholinguistic focus were included. A narrative analysis was conducted to identify key patterns and trends across classroom and online learning contexts. Results: Gamification significantly enhances working memory and attention control in English language learners, yielding measurable improvements in memory retention and focus through game elements such as rewards and progress tracking. However, these cognitive gains diminish over time as the novelty of game elements wanes, underscoring the need for continuous innovation in game design.